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Lesson Frame Relay

Cisco 360 Learning Program for CCIE R&S - Lesson Frame Relay

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Not only will the subject of working with Frame-Relay be covered in these video on demand modules, the "issue spotting/options analysis" problem solving approach will be presented and applied as well. Adopting this problem solving approach is useful for solving minimally described CCIE level problems. Once this problem solving approach is adopted and internalized, a student will be able to formulate an "opening moves" strategy for any and all Frame-Relay configuration and troubleshooting tasks that may be encountered.

This self-paced Lesson Module provides a set of three complementary learning resources:

  • Approximately Five hours of video on demand instruction on Frame-Relay
  • Supplementary "Spot-the-Issues" soft assessment quizzes
  • Four hands-on labs focused on the subject of configuring Frame-Relay.

The centerpiece of this Lesson Module is the Frame-Relay video on demand instruction. The following split screen format of each Video on Demand module provides the powerful learning experience of looking over a CCIE's shoulder while he both configures and explains the operation of Frame-Relay:

Arp

It is absolutely essential for a CCIE candidate to master Frame-Relay configuration and troubleshooting issues. This topic is an indispensible core topic in the Routing and Switching CCIE lab.

In the context of the Cisco 360 Three Phase CCIE Lab Preparation Roadmap, this Frame-Relay Lesson Module is recommended to be used during Phase One of this Roadmap. Furthermore, it is recommended that this Lesson Module is purchased in conjunction with the following other Cisco 360 Lesson Modules:

  • Link-Layer Technologies
  • IGP Routing Protocols
  • BGP

When these three other Lesson Modules are purchased along with this Frame-Relay Lesson Module, a complete set of self-paced learning content is supplied for the core foundational topic of attaining universal IPv4 unicast connectivity. The topic of attaining universal IPv4 unicast connectivity is at the center of the Routing and Switching CCIE lab.

For students planning to attend the Cisco 360 Advanced Workshop I class (CIERS1), it is highly recommended that this Frame-Relay Lesson Module, along with all three other Lesson Modules listed above, is viewed before attending the CIERS1 class.

You will download all content for this Lesson Module on your own computer. Therefore, you will be able to view and access the content without being connected to the Internet. Also, it must be noted that you will need to also download the LockLizard DRM viewer in order to access the content of this Lesson Module.

Duration:

Almost Five Hours of Video on Demand modules divided into four blocks Each VoD is approximately 15 minutes in length. For each block, a set of supporting "Spot the Issues" Soft Assessment Quizzes are provided. Four Hands-on Technology Focused Practice Labs dedicated to the subject of the Frame-Relay is covered in this Lesson Module.

Target Audience

This self-paced Lesson Module is for technical professionals who need to master CCIE level problems involving Frame-Relay that involve:

  • Frame-Relay Link-Level Issues
  • Routing over Frame-Rela
  • Frame-Relay QoS
  • Frame-Relay Special Features

Lesson Module Objectives

Upon completion of this self-paced Lesson Module, you should be able to formulate well defined mental simulations to perform the following Frame-Relay tasks with the customary minimally described parameters commonly found in CCIE Level tasks.

  • Address any and all Frame-Relay Link-Level Issues such as Inverse ARP
  • Configure any unicast routing protocol over Frame-Relay
  • Deploy Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping
  • Perform Specialized Frame-Relay Tasks Such as Deploy PPP over Frame-Relay

Lesson Module Prerequisites

Following are the prerequisites for using this Lesson Module

A CCNP level of understanding of the following Frame-Relay technologies as well as:
  • The ability to perform the configuration basics to implement Frame-Relay
  • Understand the basic issues of routing over Frame-Relay

To view the contents of this Lesson Module, download the LockLizard DRM viewer to be able to view the VoD modules.

To locate Cisco courses that cover the listed prerequisites, go to the Cisco Training & Events web page found here

Lesson Module Outline

The VoD’s in this Lesson Module cover the following topics

The VoD’s in this Lesson Module cover the following topics:

    BLOCK-1: Frame Relay Fundamentals

  • FrameVOD1-1 Frame Relay Overview
  • FrameVOD1-2 Frame Relay DTE to DTE (Encapsulation, Interfaces, DLCI’s and CDP) FrameVOD1-3 Frame Relay LMI
  • FrameVOD1-4 Frame Relay Mapping
  • FrameVOD1-5 Managing Frame Relay Topologies
  • FrameVOD1-6 Frame Relay Switching on the Cisco IOS
  • FrameVOD1-7 Bridging over Frame Relay

    • BLOCK-2: Advanced Frame Relay Techniques

  • FrameVOD2-1 PPP over Frame Relay
  • FrameVOD2-2 Frame Relay End-to-End Keepalive
  • FrameVOD2-3 AutoInstall over Frame Relay

    • BLOCK-3: Routing over Frame Relay

  • FrameVOD3-1 RIP, EIGRP and BGP on Hub-and-Spoke Frame Relay
  • FrameVOD3-2 OSPF over Frame Relay

    • BLOCK-4: Frame Relay Quality of Service

  • FrameVOD4-1 Frame Relay Traffic Shaping
  • FrameVOD4-2 Class-Based Frame Relay
  • FrameVOD4-3 Voice over Frame Relay
  • FrameVOD4-4 Priority Queuing Options over Frame Relay

Lab Outline

An absolutely mandatory activity for any CCIE level learning activity is performing hands-on practice. This Lesson Module contains four hands-on labs focused on the Frame-Relay topics covered in the enclosed VOD’s. Each of these four hands-on technology focused scenarios consists of:

  • A Scenario written with CCIE Level configuration tasks
  • A Detailed Answer Key
  • The web-based and highly interactive Mentor Guide

Lab Topology

The following minimal topology is required to perform the Frame-Relay Lesson Module’s hands-on technology focused labs.

Lab Topology

NetMasterClass now offers Frame Relay training in a Video on Demand format. Frame Relay is the first in a series of VODs that will comprise the CCIE Class on Demand.

Combination of Video-on-Demand, Quizzes, and DRILLiT Labs — all delivered within your NetMasterClass learning portal.

View multimedia demo presentation »
 

This Class-on-Demand is a complete package for training on Frame-Relay. Using the same high quality standards that have made NetMasterClass a leading provider in CCIE® classroom training, each structured block contains the video presentation with demonstrations using actual router commands, assessments quizzes based on the "spot the issues" methodology, and a DRILLiT practice lab for each block including the answer key and of course, the SHOWiT engine.

Check out some screen shots of the product:

Frame-Relay Structure Frame-Relay Structure Frame-Relay Structure

Frame-Relay Class-on-Demand outline
  • Block 1 VOD 1:  Frame-Relay Theory and Operations VOD
    • Frame Relay support for multiple protocols including TCP, IP, IPX and DECNET.
    • History (per FRF).
    • Theory of Operations (UNI, NNI, DLCI).
    • Frame Structure.
    • Interface Types.
    • Advantages over TDM.
    • Access speeds: dial through T3.
    • Frame over DSL (over ATM core) see newedge networks.
    • Frame-ATM internetworking.
    • Trend.
  • Block 1 VOD 2:  DTE to DTE Communications
    • DTE Interfaces
      • Encapsulation  per interface/per DLCI
      • physical/logical
      • multipoint/point-to-point
    • Interface Status
      • Show interface
      • Show frame PVC
      • Backup interface
    • Encapsulation Types – Which method of specifying the upper layer protocol will be used?
      • Cisco (default)
      • IETF
      • Type set on physical interface, or on end of interface-DLCI, or on end of map statement.
      • Must match end-to-end in that non-Cisco routers (Juniper) use only IETF.
      • Cisco routers will work even with mismatch, since the router does understand both.
    • Enabling CDP
      • Disabled by default on frame relay interfaces
      • Can be enabled per interface or sub-interface  “cdp enable”
      • Frame network will be transparent to cdp
      • Enabling on physical does NOT enable it for sub-interfaces
  • Block 1 VOD 3: Local Management Interface
    • Overview:  purpose and operation
      • Status information between Frame-Relay devices (UNI, NNI)
      • Message types
        • Status Enquiry sent by DTE
        • Status Message Frame sent by DCE
        • Update Status Message
    • Types:  ANSI, ITU, Cisco
      • cisco
      • ansi    (aka Annex-D)
      • q933a  (aka Annex-A)
      • Differences
    • Configuration, Autosense
    • ELMI
    • Show and Debugs
    • Number of PVCs limited by MTU.
  • Block 1 VOD 4: Frame-Relay Mapping
    • Purpose, multipoint versus point-to-point
    • Dynamic (Inverse ARP)
      • Basic Operation
      • Options:  frame inarp interval / ip
      • Limitations
      • Disabling
      • Clear frame inarp
    • Static
      • Local Address
    • Broadcast keyword
    • Map bridge / clns / IPv6
    • Show frame map
  • Block 1 VOD 5: Full Mesh vs. Hub and Spoke
    • Topology
      • TTL, Broadcast domain segmentation
      • Mixing static and dynamic maps
      • MTU Issues
        • Controller MTU vs IP MTU
        • Demo:  ping with high MTU, 4000 byte packet from spoke to spoke with default mtu at hub.  How get packet thru. 
        • Ping with df-bit set, demo “M” response.  See debug ip icmp on hub. 
    • Quad Zero Maps
  • Block 1 VOD 6: Frame-Relay Switching in IOS
    • Real life switching equipment
    • Lab:
      • 2522, “virtual switch” with tunnel
      • Set clock rate for back-to-back cables
    • Dedicated Frame-Relay switch
      • Set LMI type  (autosense only on DTE ints)
      • Frame route statements
      • Show frame route
    • Using the Connect syntax
    • Hybrid Switching (DCE-DTE)
      • One side is interface type dce
      • Same DLCI used in map statement on each side
      • No frame route statements
      • Could use interface-dlci on sub-interfaces,  but intf-type always goes on major interface, not sub-interface!
      • See Document ID  14194
    • Back-to-Back Switching (DTE-DTE)
      • No frame switching or int type dce
      • No Keepalive disables LMI for that interface
      • Example uses interface-dlci with POINT-TO-POINT ints / could use maps.
      • Inverse arp still operates:  do not need lmi for inverse arp
      • See Cisco Document ID 14193
    • Switching over a tunnel
      • No frame config on tunnel
      • Outside interfaces have frame route of incoming DLCI to tunnel DLCI.  Tunnel DLCI is same on both sides
      • Example shows route statements on a layer 3 DTE interface and on an interface configured as DCE
      • See:  “Switching over an IP Tunnel” in the WAN Configuration Guide for Frame Relay
      • Completed “Virtual Switch” Example
  • Block 1 VOD 7: Bridging over Frame-Relay
    • Mapping
    • STP Issues on multipoint
    • CDP Issues?
  • Block 2 VOD 1: PPP over Frame-Relay
    • PPP over Frame-Relay
      • Rfc 1973
      • Offers authentication, no map requirement, POINT-TO-POINT interface for routing protocols.
      • PPP over Frame Relay is supported only for serial interfaces.
      • Supports only IP (not IPv6)
      • Configure virtual-template interface
      • Associate DLCI with virtual-template
      • Note peer neighbor route
      • Show int virtual-access 1  to see interface statistics
      • Show frame pvc
      • Show interface virtual-access
      • DOiT Lab 8
      • Debugging
    • MLPoFR for Voice over Frame Relay/ATM interworking
      • Goal:  reduce delay and jitter
      • Enable queueing as desired and FRTS
      • Create a virtual template and interface multilink
      • Associate the VT with the bundle and the PVC
  • Block 2 VOD 2: End-to-End Keepalive
    • Useful when LMI is not end-to-end (no keepalive?)
    • Modes:  bidirectional, request, reply, passive-reply
    • Required:  set mode in map-class Frame-Relay
    • Configurable error threshold and event window
  • Block 2 VOD 3: Auto-install over Frame-Relay
    • Configuration of target router No dhcp pool  (broken?)
      • ip helper
      • bootp, not dhcp
      • frame map
    • cisconet.cfg and rtr.cfg files on a tftp server
  • Block 3 VOD 1: RIP, EIGRP and BGP over Frame-Relay
    • RIP
      • Broadcast/multicast/unicast
      • Split horizon
      • Neighbor statements for spoke-to-spoke
    • EIGRP
      • Broadcast/multicast/unicast
      • Split Horizon
      • Neighbor statements for spoke-to-spoke
      • Bandwidth-percent:  physical/point-to-point/multipoint
    • BGP
      • Only unicast
      • Multihop for spoke-to-spoke
  • Block 3 VOD 2: Running OSPF on Frame-Relay
    • Multicast/unicast
    • OSPF Network types on Frame-Relay
      • Default NBMA for physical, multipoint
        • Neighbor
        • DR at hub
      • Broadcast
        • DR
      • POINT-TO-POINT
        • Limitations
      • MULTIPOINT
        • advantages on hub and spoke
        • host routes
      • Mixing network types
  • Block 4 VOD 1: Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping
    • Purpose:  buffer out-of-profile, smooth bursts
    • Token bucket algorithm
    • Default parameters
    • Map-class configuration
      • CIR, Bc, Be, Tc, holdq
    • Demonstration with generator
      • Show frame pvc XXX
    • Adaptive shaping
    • Traffic-shape map-class command
  • Block 4 VOD 2: MQC on Frame-Relay
    • Policy application: physical/logical/PVC
    • Classification and Marking
      • Match DLCI
    • Frame-Relay Queuing Techniques
      • Maximum reservable bandwidth
    • Shape average / shape peak
  • Block 4 VOD 3:  VOIP over Frame-Relay
    • Using Router Auto QoS Macro
      • Classification and marking
      • FRTS parameters
      • Priority queuing options/config
      • FRF.12 fragmentation
  • Block 4 VOD 4: Prioritizing Frame-Relay traffic
    • Traffic type on a PVC
      • Priority-group
      • LLQ
      • Ip rtp priority
    • FR PIPQ
      • Prioritize DLCIs.  Ina map-class assign a DLCI High, Medium, Normal or Low
      • At interface, assign priority queue limits
    • DLCI priority levels
      • Different traffic types placed on different DLCIs, so different CIR for each type. 
      • Can use with custom or priority queueing to manage the bandwidth
      • Permits multiple DLCIs on a point-to-point.  Mapping provided by priority list.
    • Broadcast queue
      • Broadcast queue has priority when transmitting  below configured maximum.  Maximum in bps and packets/sec.  No more than the maximum is provided.  A policed priority queue for broadcast traffic.
      • When configured, debug frame packet says “broadcast dequeue” for each RIP V2 packet.  So includes multicast. 
      • Show interface shows broadcast queue.   
      • Test:  with frame-relay broadcast-queue 200 1000 1     extended ping to 224.1.1.1 with zero timeout filled queue and then doled out the pings.  Can also ping 172.16.14.255 to fill queue.
      • Buffers traffic replicated for multiple DLCIs,  not original packet, which goes through normal queue.
      • Sh int  shows number of packets in queue,  number dropped and original number
  • Block 4 VOD 5: Enhanced Frame-Relay Switching
    • Traffic policing on the Frame-Relay switched interface
      • Map-class to set CIR, Bc and Be
      • All must be set
      • Up to CIR transmitted,  between CIR and EIR set DE, over EIR drop
      • Apply to interface or PVC
      • Activate Frame-Relay policing
    • Frame-Relay congestion management (switched)
      • Can drop traffic marked DE when threshold percent of queue depth is reached
      • Can set FECN and BECN bits when ECN queue depth percent is reached.

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